Nut-forging machine



April 22, 1930. J. A. KINNEY NUT FORGING MACHNE Filed March 51, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet l 5 INVENToR JWQsAKm/uyn Bv /f@ ATTORNEY v Aprilzz, 1930. A, KINNEY 1,755,325

NUT FORGING MACHINE Filed March 51, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 i l I INVENTOR April 22, 1930. J. A. KINNEY y31,755,325

` NUT FORGING MACHINE Filed March 51, 192e 4 sheets-sheet 4 INVETOR MSAKZW ATTORNEY VPatented pr; 2.2,r i

y JAMESQA. xmnnfor'nnnanon, iaiifnlisvnx'zsN`IA.,y Assieriionl To BETHLHEMLSTEEL I j ICOMPANY" l Y' v fv-ma'chine.

ffiiUT-EORGINGMACHINE Alipiiauon mea'iraroh 31,*192'6.' v serial' nai-93,690. i

i. vMyinvention relates to abar.feeding mech-V` anism Land particularly k to a mechanism for feedingthe -stockfjbar to `the hot nutforfglng lllereftofore,v it has been custo-Inaryffor the operator to feed thefstoclgl bar to anilt'forg-f "ing machine by hand ;against a.sftop in juxta-` position-tov thev ,.shearingg,` .plunger which kvsuccessively shears .olf .a-sep arate nut blankgfrom the endof'the barandpushes 'the same iintoV shovvnfin Fig. 2 5 j the .die which shapes :it tothe configuration desired Vin the Afinished nut. 'Mechanisms have'been suggested for-.feeding fthestocli ban automatically into the machineghowever,

such mechanismsfhfave not been vsuccessful owing to the iend of 'the bar beingdistonted by i the :plunger upon :its retinn*` strokeV after.

shearing the nut blan'lg due to .the pressure between the end'oftlhe 'bar :and the side of the punch. Y '1 VThe object-of myfinvention Lisfito provide a mechanism Vfor intermittently Y1":eeding the stock bar to a nut forging machine and means are provided whereby 'the bar is 'slightly retractedso :that itis .ouof Contact With the punch .during the return stroke of the 'latter .after it has "sheare'd oli'thenutr blank.

i Another vobject of my invention isto yprovide means for mechanic-*ally removing'they scale .orcleaningcertaln surfaces of the stock fed to :a :nut -forg1ng-'ma` bar las it; is being The invention vcomprises'generally 'aunitlA lconscitutingla feed mechanism 1VWhich is easily i Yattach-ed to* a v .standardnut forging vlr-nachine and includes lapairof vfeed vrolls operated by a ratchet 'arrangement which is actuated the lmain cam shaftfof'lthe `forging' machine and inftinied 'relation tothe loperation to the forging tools v.(.iffsaid machine, Wherebythe stock bar fis advanced'- yand f retractedyautomaleally in acordace'w-th the remi@ PQ- sition of said tools. The feed rolls `are pro# vided `With a peripheral Yflange having the in side surface thereof roughened .tfoiengage theA surface ofthe stoclbarWithan-.abrasive .ac-

tion,ivhile feeding, to removeythescaleor other extraneous matter fromlthe surfaces of the which .dog notcome ,in contact with 'the v e. Fig; I(is ya detail vien'7 v nism-shoivnin F1g.f2;; f

f Flg. 8 :lsfa sectional vievv takenon line dies in the subsequent forgingoperationiof. j

g Referring .IloW. fto the` accompanyir1gg/Liri.ravve 1 isa` the forging inachi-ne,

longitudinal Sectional view-,0i

mechanism, mounted I'on the: frame of. ya linut*k for-ging.'Ama-chine;A e e v Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the mechanism' Fig. .4 isfza sectional view v.ta'lrenf online;v

natchetaarrangementy f *ofV the ratchet mech-a.-

paWl; v -f Fi-g.. l@ isaside elevation-yoftheacam which operates the-kicker; and,'y

Figs; 1'1-and12are illustrating'lthe .feed A' l65 f y I. Fig. 16 is :an end elevation zof an lalternative i lig. is va side elevation of the'retractivgl y detailfviews of the' alf-k .l ternativeratchet mechanism shown in 16.1'

In :the .rdnavvingal fthef'nia'chin'e comprises ai Jv fname; l0 provided Withsnitabl'e `bearings for Ythe crank shafty 11. andthe camshaft 12.*-1'The`1V shafts 111and'12 are rotatedzby means :of-gear Wheels 13 and 14, Irespect-ively,vvhich are lreyedto said'y shafts and are driven through gearing lfrom the 'common power, shaft l.V

"slide block '126 is'jounnaled 'onthe lcrank Shaft l1 and is vslidingly mounted in .a *guide` reciprocatory motion to .the latter When thel crankshaft 4is rotated. The cross headc'arries the yshearing plunger 18 Which Vadvances party Way through .the opening 1.9 formed in thel d-ie'fblock 420,. The -crowning plunger 21 isr mounted lon the vslide i22w'hich reciprocates inzsuitable horizontal guides fixed to the framelO. f

Sliding-ly Ameuntedv inthe slide :22 is a punch vblock '23 to Whichlis iiXedly-mounted' the punch 24. Y Theslide-22 and .thefpunch block :constrain-,ed to Itheir nearwand vWayformed in thelcross head l17 tocause a Y position by means of leaf springs 25 and are moved forwardly towards the die block 2O by the cams 26 and 27, fixedly mounted on the cam 'shaft 12 which engages the depend- 5 ing portions 28 and 29 of the slide. and punch block, respectively. The stockV bar is advanced between the guides 30 against a stop Y (not shown) to a position before the die opening, the tools aforementioned operate in timed relationl to forge a nut in a manner well known in the art. The tools operate in the following sequence: The shearing plunger 18 advancing shears olf a nut 4blank from the end of the stock bar which is pressed into the die o enin a ainst the crowninolung-V P g Yg e P e blank from the die. The plunger18 is bored centrally to receive the slug punched from the blank, and the slug is ejected from the plunger 'by means of the ejector 31 mounted in said plunger, which engages the stop'32 when Vthe plunger approaches its Yrearward position. Y

I:will now describe the mechanism for feeding the stock bar to the forging tools. A standard 33 is bolted to the'side of the frame 35 10 and has journaled thereto a pair of shafts 34 and 35 which carry the pinch rollers 36 and 37, respectively. The bottom shaft 34 is mounted in ordinary cap vbearings attached to the standard 33, however, in'order thatthe pinch rolls may be adjusted to receive various sized bars and further so that the grip of the pinch rolls on the bar Vmay be quickly released, I. provide differentftype of mounting for the top shaftr35. One end of the latter-shaft is mounted in a journal block38 and the other end of said shaft is mounted in thebearing block 39. The journal 38 is hinged to the standard 33 by means of trunnions 40 and the bearing block 39 is slidingtically from the standard A coil spring -42 Vis interposed Vbetween the bridge piece 43 of the yoke 41 and the top ofthe bearing block 40,'to yieldingly` urge the pinch rolls towards each other. The initial compression of the Vspring 42 is adjusted by means of the set Y Vscrew 44 threaded to the bridge piece 43, the set screw 44 being provided with aV collar abutment 45 which bears against the end of said spring. F langes 46 and 47 are removably fastened.V by suitableV fastening means, such as bolts 48, to the pinch rolls 36 and 37, respectively, to guide the stock `bar through the rolls and the inside surfaces of the flanges 65 are serratedorroughened, as at 49, see Fig.

ly mounted in the yoke 41 which extends ver-V 5, to cause an abrasive action on the side faces of the bar and clean them as the bar is fed through the rolls. The shafts 34 andV 35 are spaced apart and the initial Acompression on the coil spring 42 is such that the smallest bar fed to the machine will enter Vthe space between the pinch rolls and spread the latter apart, the journal 38 rotating about the trunnions 40 allows the shaft 35 to be raised vertically :constrained by Vthe ,coil spring42 and sucient traction is provided by the compression of said spring to feed the bar when the shaft 34 is rotated in the manner hereinafter described. Theinitial compression on the coil spring 42 is adjusted by means of the set screw44 to Vaccommodate various sizesof the bars which may beV fed-to the forging machine so that a bar may'easily enter the' pinch rolls andbe gripped with sufficientVV forceby theV l'atter'to 'provide traction between the contiguous surfaces. The pinch roll 36 is fixed-axially on the shaft 34, whereas the pinch roll 37 is slidingly mounted on the shaftA 35 and is constrained againstthe adjustable collar 50, threaded to the end of the shaft, by means of-thecoil spring 51 .surrounding the shaft and interposed between the bearing block and the pinch roll-37, soV that the flange 46 may be adjusted in its axial relation to the flange 47, by means of the co1- lar 50 to accommodate varousfthicknesses of the bars which may beY fedv toV the machine.

A horizontal shaft 52 is journaled in the standard 33 and is provided with va Alifting cam 53 which, when the shaft 52 is rotated by means of the handle 54keyed thereto, engages the underside of Vthe bearing block 39 and lifts the shaft 35 vertically against the Vspring' 42, thus spreading fthe pinch rolls apart so that the Vbar may be easily Withdrawn from the machine when desired.V The bearing surfaces of the lifting cam 53 are so shaped that when the cam is in its vertical or elevated position', Vit is retained in that position by its contact with the bearing bloc-k 39 and the rolls are maintainedv apartuntil the shaft 52 is rotated to lower the cam back to its original position.VV rll'he pinch rolls are rotated intermittently and in timedV relation to the nut `forging tools'of the machine by meansof the cam V55, fixed at the'extending.

end of the cam shaft 12, operating a ratchet mechanism which is described as follows: Keyed tothe shaft 34 are a pair of ratchet wheels 56and 57 Vhaving buttress teeth formed at their periphery and disposed in opposite relation so that the pawls when alternately operated' engage with their respective ratchet wheels and the shaft 34 is rotated intermittently'and alternately in opposite directions. The pawl 58 engages the teeth onthe ratchet wheel 56 to rotate the pinch rolls inthe di'- rection to feed the bar to the forging machine and after the blank-is shearedfrom the end of the bar,the/pawl 59 by its operative Venstandard 33.

.able vertical guides attached to theV trame l0 gagzement withflthe .ratchet Lwheegl 5`7 rotates the pinch rolls so as to slightly retract .or back the-.bar .out of contact- -withfthe shearing plungerlS. The paWl 5.8 is pivotally mount-4 ed at the upper end of the slide 60 and is constrained in contact with the periphery of the ratchet wheel 56 the vcoil spring 61 anchored to the post 62'whic'h'is `fixed lto the The slide 60 is mounted in suit-y a-nd is normally .held initsupperpositionby a coil spring 63, the latter surrounds the threaded rod 64, depending from the slide, vand is yinterposed between a. fixed bracket 65 and anxadjustable collar 66 threaded onrthe red.. Thel rod 64 extends `through va'nfaperture formed inthe bracketQG .and has" threaded vthereto a 1111666( which engages the f bracket65 to limit theiupwarzd movement ot y66 to adjust the initial compressionotzthe' of .thebar in the lated.'y f. u

the vslide 6.0 .and .cooperates with `the colla-r coil spring.

A roller 67 is vmountedon a 'pinwhich eX- tends laterally from the lslide 6,0 and cooperates with the cam 5.5 to push the slide'down-A wardly against the force ofthe .coilspring 63. When the slide isfpushed downwardly kthe pawl v58 engages the buttress face oi a tooth at the periphery of' the ratchet wheel 56 and rotates the shaft, which causesthe `shaft 35 to rotate, through the medium of the meshed y gears 68 and 69., thus Ifeeding the bar gripped between .the pinch rollsto .the-machine; The

' vslide 60 is moved :upwardly-bythe.v force of the spring 63. and during this movement 'the pawl .58 trails :the teeth formed onwthe periphery of the ratchet Wheel and does not operate to rotate thelatter. Normally the roller 67 engages :the periphery .of the cam 55 during'its :complete-rotation and the slide 69 is .actuated therebyithrough a. distance whichfcorresponds to the throw ,ofthe cam. I twi-ll `the seen that by adjusting'the nut -66 thev slide y.6G-may be A'heldjin itsv uppermost position so that the roller 67; is. not inconf tact with the eam55 during a certain .por-

tion of theiangular movementof the latter.

and during suchxangular movement vdoes not actuate .the slide, thus Athe strokev of thelatf lter is shortened. r Inl vthis manner the feed pinchgrolls can' be. regu- A latch 70r isl keyed -to-.the rod 7 which is iournaled tothe ltrame 10 andV is adaptedto be swung'in front of the rabutment*'shoulder 72 formed 0n the slide 60 when the. latter is in lits lowermost` position tohold the 1 slideiin theflatter position and the roller out lot engzgementzwith the cam 55, so that the cam may continue.tovrotate Without .actuating the.

VVpinch =rollsvtoffeed the bar Ato the machine.

The latch70 is-'normally constrained out ofv the :path of the .shoulder 72 'by lcounterbal-` ancingeffect 'of the-handle .74 fixed to the vrod 71.` The handle '74 is placed in a convenient lto feedY the bar Lout .vot the pinch l'roll-s.

lpsitfion to the Operator ofthe lmachine" so that it may be moved to cause vthev latch 7Gl Y to eng-age the ShOiulder 72whereby the ai1t0- matic feed may be instantly,discontinued in event ofmishap to the machine. The pawl 5:9 is pivoted f tol the bracket l75;V which is aadjustably mounted on the slide 76, Thev paw'l 59 Ais held yieldingly in contact with kthe periphery of the ratchet wheel .57 by means of the coil spring'77' which is :attached to the' pawl andfanchored at tsother endto the bracket', e ltwill be 4seen in Figs@ and that the-slide is mounted in-suitableve1- tical guides attached to the frame Vl0 and hasV l a roller 78'mounted -on 1a suitablebearing` Fat its .upper .end which cooperates with the cam 55-;-to :actuate theslide; The roller 78 is held in contact withtheperiphery of .the vcam 5.5

timed'sorth'a-t :the slide 76 lis forced,-upwardlT and the pawl 59 engages the buttress face .of

a tooth formedl at the periphery of theratchet wheelfi' toeect .the rotation of the pinch rc-ils in the direction to slightly retract the stock bar out' of contact with. the .shf-iarir-igg;

plunger after .the latter has Ysheared a nut blank from the end .of lthe bar; in this man-` ner distortion of the end .otthevbar is prevented vwhich would otherwise occur the bar ,was allowedl to :drag -on the plunger during its return stroke. )In .ldcr thatY `the et` :tective stroke ofthe slide 76 can be adjusted within.` ycertain .limi-ts, the bracket isy clampedto lthes'lide 76'by bolts 79 which pass through .elongated apertures formedin theY bracket. ,fset screwfSO is threaded in a lug extending 4from the side vrot the slide 7.6 yand yby' gravity',l :The operation .of the camxisV q engages the lower end ofthe bracket- 75. By Y the pinch rolls. n

The ieeding mechanism .described in the foregoing partot theA specificati-@nis partir?` ula-rlysuitable tor barsoa size which may-.be easily removed by hand, fromjthe machine after the pinchlrolls havefbeenlspread `apart parative'lyla-rge size are 'd-iiiicult to handle vby the lifting' 53.However3 bars Ofcom# Ei'.

andit ispreerable to, prov-ide power means r Y slide 76, afl-ready described above, has acomta-te the .pinch `rolls to retractthe bar end :ont ot contact with the shearing .pl-ungerfandzit would beatediious andcineiicientrto -use this. "arrangement 'for removing bars fromathe ma-y chine.

'paratvely/ smallv st-roke'only sufficient t-oro- Referring to Figs. 6, 11, and 12, there is-` illustrated an alternate feeding mechanismv which is particularly suitable for feeding a stock bar of large size to the nut forging machine. j

In the latter feeding arrangement, there is incorporated a reversible pawl 58, see Fig. 6, which is adapted to be placed in operative engagement with the ratchet wheels 56 to feed the bar to the forging machine or may be reversed to` operatively engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel 57 to feed the bar out of the machine. In this manner the bar is removed from the machine faster than it is fed to the machine for the reason Vthat whenV the mechanism is adjusted to withdraw the bar the feed of the pawl 58 is augmented by the feed of the backing pawl 59. The reversible pawl 58 is rotatably mounted in suitable bearings on the arm 81 which extends upwardly from the boss 82 and outwardly over the ratchet wheels 56 and 57.

The boss 82 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 34 and has a radially extending lug 88 which is connected to the slide 60 by means of a link 84. The slide 60 is mounted in suitable vertical guides attached to the standard 33 and has at its upper end, a laterally extending pin carrying a roller 67 which engages a contained or double faced cam path formed in the face of cam keyed to the extending end of the cam shaft 12. The roller 67 co-` operates with the cam 55 to'reciprocate the slide in timed relation with the .operationY of the nut forming tools.

The shaft `85 extends beyond its bearings and has keyed to it a horizontally disposed crank arm 88 which, owing to its counterbalancing effect, normally urges the dog 86 into engagement with the periphery of the ratchet wheel 56. Extending vertically from the arm V88 is a rod 89 having an eye which is att-ached to a springv 90. Fastened to the latter is a cable 91 which is carried by suitable pulleys to a convenient position so that the operator may, by means of the cable,

' raise the arm 88 to place the pawl 58 in a neutral position so that neither of the dog portions 86 and 87 are in contact with their respective ratchet wheels or by further move-A ment of the cable place the dog portion 87 in engagement with the periphery of ratchet wheel 57. In this latter position the Vdog portion 87 yieldingly engages its associated ijsaeas ratchet wheel and when the slide 60 reciprocates, the pinch rolls are operated to feed the stock bar out of the'machine. The cable may be held by the operator in its various .positions or attached to a suitable bracket within convenient reach of the operator. When the dog portion 87 Vis set in position to engage the'periphery of Vits associated ratchet wheel and during thedownward movement of the slide 60, the extension springf90 yields and allows the pawl to trail the teeth of the ratchetwheel without operating the pinch rolls.

ln operation, the stock bar is fed from a furnace (notV shown), which is preferably placed; in alignment with the forging machine,to :the fixed guide 92 and is guided between the pinch'rolls-which are rotated bythev ratchet mechanism described above to mechanically feedV the bar to the forging tools, or the pinch rolls may be spread apart by the means described above and after the bar is pushed against the stop to a position in front of the die opening the rolls are allowed to again engage the bar. When the bar is thus positioned the'shearing plunger 18 advances and shears on? the nut blank and presses the latter into the die Opening 19 which may be shaped to form a nut of any desired conguration, such as square, hexagon, etc. In the meantime the crowning plunger 21 advances and backs up the nut blank which is momentarily squeezed betweenV v ing plunger reaches its rearward position,

the ejector contactsV with the stop 32 and ejeets the slug, aforementioned, from said plunger. rllhe nut blank canV be kicked olf the end of the crowning plunger when it emerges from the die vby a suitable kicker, such for example, as the rod Y98 depended from the rocking lever 94 which is actuated by the cam 95 mounted on the camshaft 12. J ust before the shearing plunger commences to-recede, as described above, the cam 55 operates to actuate the slide 76 so that the pawl 59V engages a tooth'on its associated ratchetY cam 55 is timed to operate the slide 60 so that the pawl 58 engages a tooth on its associated ratchet wheel to rotate the pinch rolls and erw...

providefal guide 97 which yieldingly holds the 1 stock vbar so that a comparatively short length.

Y feed'the stock bar to yalf-position beforethe die opening for tlie'formation of a second nut r l when feeding the-'bars byjhand.V l

blank. The operation continues automatically, nut blanks being ksuccessively formed until the stock bai' is consumed. Whentlie remainingeiid of thel stock bar is of insufficient length to be fed Aby the pinch rolls,'.it is retained in position by the fixed guides'95 and the bar is pushed into position by the contiguous end of the next stock-bar fed throughVv the pinch rolls.

At the outlet sidev of the fixed guide 96 I of bar is held in correct position before the die opening so Lthat va maximum number of nut Yblanks may be obtained from the bar without waste. The supporting surfaces of the guide 97 are curved, as at 98, so that the waste-end of the b-ar will easily fallout ofthe ma-rv chine if there isy not sufficient material left to form a com lete nut. TheV upper block `99 of the guide 9 is depended from an arm-100l which is pivoted vto a 'bracket adjustably mounted on the Vframe 12,y YThe opening of the guide 97 is adjusted by means of the set screw 101 threaded to the arm 100 andbears against ai'ixed plate 102. The upper block 99 is constrained in its lower adjusted positiony by means of the extensionspringlO which is connected to the extending end of the arm 100 and suitably anchored at its other end vto the frame 10. Normally the distancebetweeny the horizontal bar-engaging surfaces of the guide 97 is somewhat less than the @width of the bar so that as the bar enters the guide the upper block isy forced upward against the force of the springflO` and yieldyin'gly holds the bar as it passes through the guide.V Y

'As thebar passes through thepinch'rolls,

the serrated or roughened faces of the flanges 46 and 47, by their abrasive action, automatj ically cleans the faces of ythe lbar and removes the scale orother extraneous matter therefrom. The edges ofthe bar are freed from scale, 'bythe shearing action `ofthe forging die soit will be seen that the surfaces of the nut blank are .entirely freed from scale '5eV vwhich is simple in construction and easily at- 'taclied to any well knownnut forging inachine,and cooperates with a machine'to produce nut blanks from a stock bar 'with very little Vattention on the port ofthe'operator. Furthermore, b providing an Yautomatic feeding mechanism, I am able to. placethe forging'machine in contiguity with a heating furnace so that the bar may be fed'di-l rectly from the furnace to the machine, thus the nut blanks are formed continuously Without. returningtlie bar to :the furnace to be re- .heated .as isigenera'lly found necessary to I'do While I have shown my `invention in two 1 forms, it willfbefobviouhs to .t'ho'ses'killedin fthe?,

arttliat it is notv'so limited, but is susceptible y 'oflrvariouslother changes andV modifications without-departingfrom the spirit thereof,

in thefappended'claims; Y l, Y Y

v Having thus' described therinv'ention, `what `1.' In a mit forging'macliine, the combi-nation of'afdiefblock, reciprocating tools, lmeans p tofactuatefsaid tools and a mechanism for feeding aV stock bar, saidgmechanism comprising va pair of rolls', means to rotate'said rollsf intermittently in one direction and means to rotate said rollsV intermittently through a lesser nglilaif movement in the reverse di- 2.111 a nut forging machine, the combina.- tion of a die block, Areciprocating tools,a cam 'feo i shaft tok actuatesaid tools', and a mechanism Y for feeding a stock bar, said mechanism comsaid :ratchet wheel, ywhereby a particular movement of said slide causes'the feed rolls to feed the stock bar tothe tools, a reverse ratchet wheel also mounted on the last menl tioned shaft, a second reciprocating slide having a pa'iwlmounted thereon and adapted-to .Y i

particular movementv of f said second slide causes Vthe feedrolls topretract'the stock bar Aengage thereverse ratchet wheel, whereby a 'i from the tools, and a cam fixed to said cam shaft to actuate said slides.

3. In a nut forging machine, the combination of a die block, reciprocating tools, means `=i 'toac'tuate saidtools, and a mechainsm forv feeding a stock bar, said mechanism compris- Ving a pair of shafts, feed rolls mounted onf' said shafts, Ymeans to yieldingly constrain Y.

said rolls towards each othera pair of ratchet wheels fixed to one of said shafts and disposed in opposite operative relation to each other,

'means to intermittently engagesaidV ratchet t wheels alternately to causethe rotation of said feed rolls, to alternately feed the stock bar to the tools and to retract it, and means to actuate the last mentioned meansin timed Y relation tothe operation of said tools. v i

4. In a nut forging machine, the combination of a l,die block, reciprocating tools, means to actuate'said tools, and a meclianismjfor feedingY aV stockY bar, said mechanism comprisving a pair of shafts, a rollimounted on each of said shafts, a ratchet wheel fixed to one of said Shafts, a re'ciprocatory slide,' pawl member rlcc mounted on said slide and adapted toengage said ratchet Wheel, a rotatable'oam to actua-te said slide, and means controlled by the operator to hold lthe slide ont of engagement With said Cam, thereby rendering the latter inoper-x ative. Y

5. In a nut forging machine the combination of aV die block, reciprocatingtools, means to actuate said tools, a pair of rolls adapted to transfer a stock har, means tointermittently rotate said rolls to advance thebar towards said tools, means to intermittently rotate said rolls to back the bar in a reverse direction, Aand means to actuate saidV rotating means in timed relation to the operation of saidtools. In testimony whereof Ihereunto aiiXV my signature this 27 day of March, 1926. Y g

JAMES A. KINNEY.

ses 

